大象传媒

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The Animal Models Core

Director: Wanda K. O’Neal, PhD; Co-Director: Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico, PhD

Introduction

The Marsico Lung Institute/大象传媒 Cystic Fibrosis Center Animal Models Core is dedicated to providing access and specialized expertise to conduct in vivo studies with animal models (primarily mouse) that provide insights into pulmonary disease pathophysiology and treatment. Core users are typically collaborating academic investigators and industry partners, through Spirovation. The Animal Models Core has been involved in the generation and characterization of over 25 lines of genetically modified mice (transgenic, knockout, or knockin) for a variety of collaborators over the years, and has also conducted studies in other species (rabbit, hamster, rat, guinea pig) for investigator-initiated projects. The Mouse Models Core laboratory is located on the seventh floor of Marsico Hall (Rm 7229L, 7224, 7122a), with mouse colonies housed in the Genetic Medicine Division of Comparative Medicine (DCM) facility, and dedicated DCM BSL2 cubicles in Marsico Hall (B107, 7229AA). Main activities of the Core include:

Mouse line development and colony management:

The development of new lines is highly dependent upon a collaboration with the , and more recently to the use of transgenic lines obtained from international resources, such as 听, and the MRRCC. Once founders are identified, lines are validated, expanded and maintained to generate experimental cohorts or provide breeder pairs to external investigators. Publications utilizing these mouse models in a variety of context can be found here.

Phenotyping:

The Animal Models Core supports research covering many aspects of lung disease biology, including airway mucus clearance, bacterial and viral pathogenesis, injury/repair, and inflammation. Expertise in several aspects of in vivo experimentation is provided including model selection, experimental challenges, pharmacological treatments, and comprehensive respiratory phenotyping for both upper and lower airways. Routine techniques include: survival and non-survival surgeries, health status monitoring, bronchoalveolar lavage, middle ear lavage, tissue harvest, preparation of samples for cytological, histological, microbiological, biochemical, immunological, and rheological analyses, and primary culture of tracheal and nasopharyngeal airway cells. 听Histological services (processing, embedding, sectioning) are routinely provided through 大象传媒-based Histology Cores (, , or Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease Histology Core).

A collection of phenotyping images more fully described in the figure caption
Assessment of lung inflammation, mucus obstruction, and mucous secretory cell metaplasia are routinely performed in the MLI Animal Models Core using a comprehensive phenotypic panel that includes bronchoalveolar lavage, differential cell counts, multiplex inflammatory mediators analysis, mucin agarose western blots, and histopathology/morphometric analyses. Adapted from Livraghi A. et al., J Immunol., 2009; Livraghi-Butrico A. et al., Physiol Genomics, 2012.

Collaboration with experts in the field also allows access to specialized equipment/techniques, including aerosol administration through a nose-only inhalation exposure system (, in collaboration with Dr. Gregory Smith); pulmonary function test (), mucociliary clearance assay (in collaboration with Dr. Barbara Grubb), nasal mucociliary clearance by pinhole gamma scintigraphy, in collaboration with the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology); characterization of ex vivo tissue or cell culture bioelectrical properties (Drs. Barbara Grubb and Martina Gentzsch).

Photograph of the DSI Buxco Inhalation System
DSI Buxco Inhalation System includes stackable units (2 towers with 14 ports each: 10 ports available for exposure, 4 ports occupied by sampling devices and sensors). Suitable for integrated plethysmography measurements (upon request and funding availability).
Four micrograph images of histology slides stained with AB-PAS, and a graph depicting morphometric analysis of airway mucus burden in 尾ENaC-Tg mice
Translational projects leverage the expertise of the MLI Animal Models Core to provide proof-of-principle data during the development of new therapeutics. In this panel, our model of airway mucus obstruction (尾ENaC-Tg or Scnn1b-Tg mouse) was used to demonstrate the enhanced efficacy in mobilizing airway mucus plugs of a prototype compound (P3001) as compared to standard-of-care (NAC, N-acetylcysteine) or vehicle (NS, normal saline). A) Representative micrographs of histology slides stained with AB-PAS for glycoconjugates, B) Morphometric analysis of airway mucus burden (AB-PAS+) in 尾ENaC-Tg mice. Adapted from Ehre C. et al., AJRCCM, 2018.

Regulatory compliance:

The Animal Models Core provides guidance and assistance in matters regarding regulatory compliance with 大象传媒 Environmental Health and Safety (EHS), Office of Animal Care and Use (OACU), and Division of Comparative Medicine (DCM) guidelines.

Spirovation:

Spirovation is a specialty contract research organization (CRO) affiliated with the Marsico Lung Institute听 and its mission is to empower breakthrough drug development in respiratory medicine by providing听leading scientific expertise and听the broadest array of听translational medicine capabilities in respiratory research, including those provided by the Animal Models core.

Personnel

Headshot of Wanda O'Neal
Wanda O’Neal, PhD
Associate Professor
woneal@med.unc.edu
Director
Headshot of Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico
Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico, PhD
Associate Professor
Alessandra_livraghi@med.unc.edu
Co-Director
Headshot of Allison Volmer
Allison Volmer, BS
Research Specialist
Headshot of Keenan Andrade
Keenan Andrade, BS Research Specialist
Headshot of Tyler Gray, BS
Tyler Gray, BS
Research Specialist
Headshot of Joey Kennedy, MS
Joey Kennedy, MS
Research Specialist
Headshot of Jazmin Snead, MAS
Jazmin Snead, MAS
Research Specialist
Headshot of Meredith Zeller, PhD
Meredith Zeller, PhD Research Specialist
Allison Volmer, BS
Research Specialist

Allison joined the Animal Models Core in January of 2010. Allison graduated from Texas A&M University where she obtained a Bachelor鈥檚 of Science in Biomedical Science. Before moving to Chapel Hill, she worked at the Baylor College of Medicine and The University of Texas- Medical Branch for Dr. Paul Overbeek in Molecular Biology and Dr. Neal Waxham in Neurobiology, respectively. She is our chief mouse colony manager and actively participates in phenotyping efforts.

Keenan Andrade, BS
Research Specialist
Keenan has worked as a laboratory assistant and technician in Dr. Livraghi-Butrico鈥檚 lab and the MLI Animal Models Core since January 2022. He graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with a Bachelor of Science in Public Health –听 Environmental Health Science with a concentration in Biology. Before joining the Livraghi-Butrico lab, he volunteered in Dr. Stephen Tilley’s lab at 大象传媒. Keenan supports all lab members with laboratory animal handling, immunohistochemistry, and gastrointestinal and pulmonary research. He is also a member of the 大象传媒 Class of 2029.

Tyler Gray, BS
Research Specialist
Tyler joined the Animal Models Core in July of 2022. Tyler graduated from Christopher Newport University where he obtained a Bachelor of Science in Cellular and Molecular Biology in 2022. Before moving to Chapel Hill, he worked at the Department of Neuroscience Research at Christopher Newport University for Dr. Matthew Campolattaro. Tyler contributes to experimental efforts of the Animal Models Core including NIH contracts for establishment of chronic bacterial infections.

Joey Kennedy, MS
Research Specialist
Joey joined the Animal Models Core in March of 2023. He graduated from the University of Mississippi in 2019, where he obtained a Master of Science in Biological Sciences. Before moving to Chapel Hill, Joey worked as a Research Associate and then Manager of the Animal Metabolism and Behavior Core at Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, LA. Joey is active in various research projects involving experimental challenges and phenotyping in the Animal Models Core.

Jazmin Snead, MAS
Research Specialist
Jazmin has worked in Dr. Livraghi-Butrico’s lab and the MLI Animal Models Core since January of 2023. Jazmin graduated from North Carolina State University, where she obtained a Master of Animal Science in 2023. Before joining the Livraghi-Butrico lab, she worked as a Research Support Technician for the Division of Comparative Medicine at 大象传媒. Jazmin specializes in laboratory animals handling, western blots, immunohistochemistry, and gastrointestinal and pulmonary research.

Meredith Zeller, PhD
Research Specialist
Meredith joined the Animal Models Core in March of 2024. She graduated from the University of Vermont in 2012, where she obtained a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry. She attended graduate school at 大象传媒 and earned her PhD developing fragment-based strategies for RNA-targeted ligand discovery. Meredith is active in various research projects in the Animal Models Core.

 

Acknowledgement:

Funded by the NIH/NIDDK (P30 DK065988) and the CFF (BOUCHE19R0).

Contact Information

125 Mason Farm Road
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Campus Box #7248
Chapel Hill, NC 27599
Phone: (919) 843-1097
Fax: (919) 966-5178
Email: woneal@med.unc.edu
Email: alessandra_livraghi@med.unc.edu

Core Publications:

  1. Livraghi-Butrico A, Franklin TB, Wolfgang MC. . Editorial. Eur Resp J. 2022 Sep 7;60(3):2200832. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00832-2022.
  2. Biering SB, Sarnik SA, Wang E, Zengel JR, Leist SR, Sch盲fer A, Sathyan V, Hawkins P, Okuda K, Tau C, Jangid AR, Duffy CV, Wei J, Gilmore RC, Alfajaro MM, Strine MS, Nguyenla X, Van Dis E, Catamura C, Yamashiro LH, Belk JA, Begeman A, Stark JC, Shon DJ, Fox DM, Ezzatpour S, Huang E, Olegario N, Rustagi A, Volmer AS, Livraghi-Butrico A, Wehri E, Behringer RR, Cheon DJ, Schaletzky J, Aguilar HC, Puschnik AS, Button B, Pinsky BA, Blish CA, Baric RS, O鈥橬eal WK, Bertozzi CR, Wilen CB,听Boucher RC, Carette JE, Stanley SA, Harris E, Konermann S, Hsu PD.听. Nat Genet. 2022 Aug;54(8):1078-1089. doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01131-x. PMID: 35879412. PMCID: PMC9355872.
  3. Kim N, Kwak G, Rodriguez J, Livraghi-Butrico A, Zuo X, Simon V, Han E, Shenoy SK, Pandey N, Mazur M, Birket SE, Kim A, Rowe SM, Boucher R, Hanes J, Suk JS. . Thorax. 2022 Aug;77(8):812-820. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215185. PMID: 34697091; PMCID: PMC9129924.
  4. Grubb BR, Livraghi-Butrico A. . Review. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2022 Jun;64:102235. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102235. PMID: 35576754; PMCID: PMC9386876.
  5. Rogers TD,听Button B, Kelada SNP, Ostrowski LE, Livraghi-Butrico A, Gutay MI, Esther CR Jr, Grubb BR.听. Front Physiol. 2022 Mar 9;13:842592. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.842592. PMID: 35356083; PMCID: PMC8959816.
  6. Xu J, Livraghi-Butrico A, Hou X, Rajagopalan C, Zhang J, Song J, Jiang H, Wei HG, Wang H, Bouhamdan M, Ruan J, Yang D, Qiu Y, Youming X, Barrett RP, McClellan SA, Mou H, Wu Q, Chen X, Rogers TD, Wilkinson KJ, Gilmore RC, Esther CR Jr, Zaman K, Liang X, Sobolic M, Hazlett L, Zhang K, Frizzell RA, Gentzsch M,听O鈥橬eal WK, Grubb BR, Chen YE, Boucher RC, Sun F.听. JCI Insight. 2021 Jan 11;6(1):e139813. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.139813. PMID: 33232302. PMCID: PMC7821608.
  7. Sigmon JS, Blanchard MW, Baric RS, Bell TA, Brennan J, Brockmann GA, Burks AW, Calabrese JM, Caron KM, Cheney RE, Ciavatta D, Conlon F, Darr DB, Faber J, Franklin C, Gershon TR, Gralinski L, Gu B, Gaines CH, Hagan RS, Heimsath EG, Heise MT, Hock P, Ideraabdullah F, Jennette JC, Kafri T, Kashfeen A, Kulis M, Kumar V, Linnertz C, Livraghi-Butrico A, Lloyd KCK, Lutz C, Lynch RM, Magnuson T, Matsushima GK, McMullan R, Miller DR, Mohlke KL, Moy SS, Murphy CEY, Najarian M, O’Brien L, Palmer AA, Philpot BD, Randell SH, Reinholdt L, Ren Y, Rockwood S, Rogala AR, Saraswatula A, Sassetti CM, Schisler JC, Schoenrock SA, Shaw GD, Shorter JR, Smith CM, St Pierre CL, Tarantino LM, Threadgill DW, Valdar W, Vilen BJ, Wardwell K, Whitmire JK, Williams L, Zylka MJ, Ferris MT, McMillan L, Manuel de Villena FP. . Genetics. 2020 Dec;216(4):905-930. doi: 10.1534/genetics.120.303596. Epub 2020 Oct 16. PMID: 33067325; PMCID: PMC7768238.
  8. Brinks V, Lipinska K, de Jager M, Beumer W, Button B, Livraghi-Butrico A, Henig N, Matthee B. . J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2019 Oct;32(5):303-316. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2018.1502. Epub 2019 May 22. PMID: 31120356; PMCID: PMC6781260.
  9. Yin W, Livraghi-Butrico A, Sears PR, Rogers TD, Burns KA, Grubb BR, Ostrowski LE. . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2019 Sep;61(3):312-321. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0387OC. PMID: 30896965; PMCID: PMC6839924.
  10. Chen G, Ribeiro CMP, Sun L,听Okuda K, Kato T, Gilmore RC, Martino MB, Dang H, Abzhanova A, Lin JM, Hull-Ryde EA, Volmer AS, Randell SH, Livraghi-Butrico A, Deng Y, Scherer PE, Stripp BR, O鈥橬eal WK, Boucher RC.听. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Jul 15;200(2):220-234. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1972OC. PMID: 30973754. PMCID: PMC6635783.
  11. Ehre C,听Rushton ZL,听Wang B,听Hothem LN,听Morrison CB,听Fontana NC,听Markovetz MR,听Delion MF,听Kato T,听Villalon D,听Thelin WR,听Esther CR Jr,听Hill DB,听Grubb BR,听Livraghi-Butrico A,听Donaldson SH,听Boucher RC.听.听Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Jan 15;199(2):171-180. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201802-0245OC. PMID:听30212240. PMCID:听PMC6353008.
  12. Rogers TD, Ostrowski LE, Livraghi-Butrico A, Button B, Grubb BR.听. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 3;8(1):14744. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33053-2. PMID: 30282981. PMCID: PMC6170422.
  13. Chen G, Volmer AS, Wilkinson KJ, Deng Y, Jones LC, Yu D, Bustamante-Marin XM, Burns KA, Grubb BR,听O鈥橬eal WK, Livraghi-Butrico A, Boucher RC.听. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2018 Sep;59(3):383-396. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0127OC. PMID: 29579396. PMCID: PMC6189647.
  14. Saini Y, Lewis B, Yu D, Dang H, Livraghi-Butrico A, Del Piero F,听O鈥橬eal W, Boucher R.听. Physiol Rep. 2018 Apr;6(8):e13677. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13677. PMID: 29667749. PMCID: PMC5904692.
  15. Duncan GA, Kim N, Colon-Cortes Y, Rodriguez J, Mazur M, Birket SE, Rowe SM, West NE, Livraghi-Butrico A, Boucher RC, Hanes J, Aslanidi G, Suk JS. . Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2018 Mar 22;9:296-304. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.03.006. PMID: 30038933; PMCID: PMC6054694.
  16. Livraghi-Butrico A, Wilkinson K, Volmer A, Gilmore R, Rogers T, Caldwell R, Burns K, Esther C Jr., Mall M, Boucher R,听O鈥橬eal W, Grubb B.听. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2018 Feb 1;314(2):L318-L331. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00382.2017. PMID: 29074490. PMCID: PMC5866504.
  17. Rowson-Hodel AR, Wald JH, Hatakeyama J,听O鈥橬eal WK, Stonebraker JR, VanderVorst K, Saldana MJ, Borowsky AD, Sweeney C, Carraway KL 3rd.听. Oncogene. 2018 Jan 11;37(2):197-207. doi: 10.1038/onc.2017.327. PMID: 28892049. PMCID: PMC5930013.
  18. Donoghue LJ*, Livraghi-Butrico A*, McFadden KM, Thomas JM, Chen G,听Grubb BR, O鈥橬eal WK, Boucher RC, Kelada SNP.听. Genetics. 2017 Oct;207(2):801-812. doi: 10.1534/genetics.117.300211. PMID: 28851744. PMCID: PMC5629340.
  19. Livraghi-Butrico A, Grubb BR, Wilkinson K, Volmer AS, Burns KA, Evans C,听O鈥橬eal WK, Boucher RC.听. Mucosal Immunol.听2017 Mar;10(2):395-407. doi: 10.1038/mi.2016.63. PMID: 27435107. PMCID: PMC5250616.
  20. Sesma JI, Weitzer CD, Livraghi-Butrico A, Dang H, Donaldson S, Alexis NE, Jacobson KA, Harden TK, Lazarowski ER. . Purinergic Signal. 2016 Dec;12(4):627-635. doi: 10.1007/s11302-016-9524-5. Epub 2016 Jul 15. PMID: 27421735; PMCID: PMC5124001.
  21. Grubb BR, Livraghi-Butrico A, Rogers TD, Yin W, Button B, Ostrowski LE.听. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2016 May 1;310(9):L860-7. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00015.2016. PMID: 26968767. PMCID: PMC4867354.
  22. Saini Y, Wilkinson KJ, Terrell KA, Burns KA, Livraghi-Butrico A, Doerschuk CM,听O鈥橬eal WK, Boucher RC.听. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016 Feb;54(2):210-21. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0111OC. PMID: 26121027; PMCID: PMC4821038.
  23. Yu D, Davis RM, Aita M, Burns KA, Clapp PW, Gilmore RC, Chua M, O’Neal WK, Schlegel R, Randell SH, C Boucher R. . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Apr 1;57(4):2328-43. doi: 10.1167/iovs.15-17945. PMID: 27127933; PMCID: PMC4855829.
  24. Saini Y, Dang H, Livraghi-Butrico A, Kelly EJ, Jones LC, O’Neal WK, Boucher RC. . BMC Genomics. 2014 Sep 10;15(1):726. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-726. PMID: 25204199; PMCID: PMC4247008.
  25. Sesma JI, Kreda SM, Okada SF, van Heusden C, Moussa L, Jones LC, O’Neal WK, Togawa N, Hiasa M, Moriyama Y, Lazarowski ER. . Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2013 May 15;304(10):C976-84. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00371.2012. Erratum in: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2014 Feb 15;306(4):C415. PMID: 23467297; PMCID: PMC3651637.
  26. Livraghi-Butrico A, Kelly EJ, Wilkinson KJ, Rogers TD, Gilmore RC, Harkema JR, Randell SH, Boucher RC,听O鈥橬eal WK, Grubb BR.听. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2013 Apr 1;304(7):L469-80. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00150.2012. PMID: 23377346; PMCID: PMC3627939.
  27. Roy M, Livraghi-Butrico A, Fletcher AA, McElwee MM, Evans SE, Boerner RM, Alexander SN, Bellinghausen LK, Song AS, Petrova YM, Tuvim MJ, Adachi R, Romo I, Bordt AS, Bowden MG, Sisson JH, Woodruff PG, Thornton DJ, Rousseau K, De la Garza MM, Moghaddam SJ, Karmouty-Quintana H, Blackburn MR, Drouin SM, Davis CW, Terrell KA, Grubb BR,听O鈥橬eal WK, Flores SC, Cota-Gomez A, Lozupone CA, Donnelly JA, Watson AM, Hennessy CE, Keith RC, Yang IV, Barthel L, Henson PM, Janssen WJ, Schwartz DA, Boucher RC, Dickey BF, Evans CM.听. Nature. 2013;505:412-416. doi: 10.1038/nature12807. PMID: 24317696; PMCID: PMC4001806.
  28. Livraghi-Butrico A, Kelly EJ, Klem ER, Dang H, Wolfgang MC, Boucher RC, Randell SH,听O鈥橬eal WK.听. Mucosal Immunol. 2012 Jul;5(4):397-408. doi: 10.1038/mi.2012.17. PMID: 22419116; PMCID: PMC3377774.
  29. Ehre C, Worthington EN, Liesman RM, Grubb BR, Barbier D,听O鈥橬eal WK, Sallenave JM, Pickles RJ, Boucher RC.听. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 9;109(41):16528-33. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206552109. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Apr 15;111(15):5753. PMID: 23012413; PMCID: PMC3478656.
  30. Livraghi-Butrico A, Grubb BR, Kelly EJ, Wilkinson KJ, Yang H, Geiser M, Randell SH, Boucher RC,听O鈥橬eal WK.听. Physiol Genomics. 2012 Apr 15;44(8):470-84. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00185.2011. PMID: 22395316; PMCID: PMC3339860.
  31. Jones LC, Moussa L, Fulcher ML, Zhu Y, Hudson EJ, O’Neal WK, Randell SH, Lazarowski ER, Boucher RC, Kreda SM. . J Physiol. 2012 Feb 1;590(3):545-62. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.222091. PMID: 22144578; PMCID: PMC3379700.
  32. Grubb BR, O’Neal WK, Ostrowski LE, Kreda SM, Button B, Boucher RC. . Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012 Jan 15;302(2):L238-47. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00083.2011. PMID: 22003093; PMCID: PMC3349361.
  33. Nguyen Y, Procario MC, Ashley SL, O’Neal WK, Pickles RJ, Weinberg JB. . Virus Res. 2011 Sep;160(1-2):351-9. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.07.012. PMID: 21816184; PMCID: PMC3163747.
  34. Seminario-Vidal L, Okada SF, Sesma JI, Kreda SM, van Heusden CA, Zhu Y, Jones LC, O’Neal WK, Penuela S, Laird DW, Boucher RC, Lazarowski ER. . J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 29;286(30):26277-86. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.260562. PMID: 21606493; PMCID: PMC3143590.
  35. Mall MA, Button B, Johannesson B, Zhou Z, Livraghi A, Caldwell RA, Schubert SC, Schultz C,听O鈥橬eal WK, Pradervand S, Hummler E, Rossier BC, Grubb BR, Boucher RC.听. J Biol Chem. 2010 Aug 27;285(35):26945-26955. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.151803. PMID: 20566636; PMCID: PMC2930694.
  36. Ostrowski LE, Yin W, Rogers TD, Busalacchi KB, Chua M, O’Neal WK, Grubb BR. . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2010 Jul;43(1):55-63. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0118OC. PMID: 19675306; PMCID: PMC2911571.
  37. Livraghi A, Grubb BR, Hudson EJ, Wilkinson KJ, Sheehan JK, Mall MA,听O鈥橬eal WK, Boucher RC, Randell SH.听. J Immunol. 2009 Apr 1;182(7):4357-67. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802557. PMID: 19299736; PMCID: PMC2659461.
  38. Rowe SM, Jackson PL, Liu G, Hardison M, Livraghi A, Solomon GM, McQuaid DB, Noerager BD, Gaggar A, Clancy JP,听O鈥橬eal W, Sorscher EJ, Abraham E, Blalock JE.听. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Oct 15;178(8):822-31. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200712-1894OC. PMID: 18658107; PMCID: PMC2566793.
  39. Mall MA, Harkema JR, Trojanek JB, Treis D, Livraghi A, Schubert S, Zhou Z, Kreda SM, Tilley SL, Hudson EJ,听O鈥橬eal WK, Boucher RC.听. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Apr 1;177(7):730-42. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200708-1233OC. PMID: 18079494; PMCID: PMC2277210.
  40. Ostrowski LE, Yin W, Diggs PS, Rogers TD, O’Neal WK, Grubb BR. . Gene Ther. 2007 Oct;14(20):1492-501. doi: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302994. PMID: 17637798.
  41. Stonebraker JR, Wagner D, Lefensty RW, Burns K, Gendler SJ, Bergelson JM, Boucher RC,听O鈥橬eal WK, Pickles RJ.听. J Virol. 2004 Dec;78(24):13755-68. doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.24.13755-13768.2004. PMID: 15564484; PMCID: PMC533903.
  42. Okada SF, O’Neal WK, Huang P, Nicholas RA, Ostrowski LE, Craigen WJ, Lazarowski ER, Boucher RC. . J Gen Physiol. 2004 Nov;124(5):513-26. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200409154. PMID: 15477379; PMCID: PMC2234005.
  43. Mall M, Grubb BR, Harkema JR, O’Neal WK, Boucher RC. . Nat Med. 2004 May;10(5):487-93. doi: 10.1038/nm1028. PMID: 15077107.
  44. Zariwala M*, O’Neal WK*, Noone PG, Leigh MW, Knowles MR, Ostrowski LE. . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2004 Apr;30(4):428-34. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2003-0338RC. PMID: 14630615. *authors contributed equally to manuscript.
  45. Ostrowski LE, Hutchins JR, Zakel K, O’Neal WK. . Mol Ther. 2003 Oct;8(4):637-45. doi: 10.1016/s1525-0016(03)00221-1. PMID: 14529837.